Stand-by mode transitioning

ABSTRACT

A device for rapidly instituting an active mode of a digital-television enabled system, the system including a first, volatile memory configured to load and store software instructions, includes: an input configured to receive first digital audio and video information; a first output configured to convey second audio and information toward a display regarding the first audio and video information; at least one second output configured to convey commands to, and receive information from, the first memory; and a processor configured to perform functions in accordance with software instructions stored in first and second memories and to cause the first memory to load software instructions for provision to the processor such that first instructions for processing at least one of the first audio information and the first video information are loaded and stored by the first memory with a higher priority than second instructions for performing other functionality.

BACKGROUND

Digital-television-enabled devices are in widespread and rapidlyexpanding use. Modern digital-television-enabled devices offer a widespectrum of user accessible features, extending the use of such devicesbeyond just providing television programs. For example, some devicesprovide multimedia viewers, provide digital slide show capability,provide network connectivity, and/or have built-in personal videorecording capabilities. The extensive features sets often use a flexibleoperating system, such as Linux®, with different embedded services and abuilt-in file system.

As technology progresses, and features sets expand, televisions use moreand more complex devices to control the different applications against abackdrop of competing demands for space and power use. Despite increasedfunctionality of control devices, it is desirable to maintain, if notreduce, the size of the controller devices. Improvements inmanufacturing technology have reduced cost and size of such devices, butwith an increase in leakage current (i.e., current drawn by a devicewhen powered, but idle). Concurrently, there is a strong desire forpower consumption reduction, including limits on system power allowancein various operational states (e.g., Energy Star NA). To comply withpower consumption desires, the control devices are typically powered offduring system stand-by mode. Thus, to transition from stand-by mode toactive mode, a cold boot of the control device is performed, whichtypically results in a significant time delay between active modeactuation and the appearance of an image on a television screen.

SUMMARY

In general, in an aspect, the invention provides a device for rapidlyinstituting an active mode of a digital-television enabled system, thesystem including a first, volatile memory configured to load and storesoftware instructions, the device including: an input configured toreceive first digital audio information and first digital videoinformation; a first output configured to be coupled to a display and toconvey second audio information and second video information toward thedisplay regarding the first audio information and the first videoinformation; at least one second output configured to be coupled to thefirst memory and to convey commands to, and receive information from,the first memory; and a processor configured to be coupled to the firstmemory and to a second memory and configured to perform functions inaccordance with software instructions stored in the first memory and thesecond memory, the processor being further configured to cause the firstmemory to load software instructions for provision to the processor suchthat first instructions for processing at least one of the first audioinformation and the first video information are loaded and stored by thefirst memory with a higher priority than second instructions forperforming other functionality.

Implementations of the invention may include one or more of thefollowing features. The processor is configured to cause the firstmemory to load the software instructions for provision to the processorsuch that the first instructions are loaded and stored by the firstmemory before the second instructions. The processor is configured tocause the first memory to load the software instructions for provisionto the processor such that the first instructions are loaded and storedby the first memory in parallel with the second instructions beingloaded and stored but before completion of loading and storing of thefirst instructions, the second instructions are loaded and stored onlyif loading and storing of the first instructions is not inhibited by theloading and storing of the second instructions. The first memory is aDRAM.

In general, in another aspect, the invention provides a device forrapidly instituting an active mode of a digital-television enabledsystem, the device including an input configured to receive firstdigital audio information and first digital video information, a firstoutput configured to be coupled to a display and to convey second audioinformation and second video information toward the display regardingthe first audio information and the first video information, at leastone second output configured to be coupled to volatile memory and toconvey commands to, and receive information from, the volatile memory,and a processor configured to perform functions in accordance withsoftware instructions, wherein the processor is configured to, inresponse to a request to institute the active mode of the system, causethe volatile memory to activate initial software stored in the systemduring a stand-by mode of the system.

Implementations of the invention may include one or more of thefollowing features. The processor is configured cause the volatilememory to initiate a self-refresh mode of the volatile memory. Theprocessor is configured to cause the volatile memory to store a currentsoftware state as the initial software. In order to cause the volatilememory to activate the initial software, the processor is configured tocause the volatile memory to re-activate the initial software. Theprocessor is configured to cause the volatile memory to load the initialsoftware from a non-volatile memory.

In general, in another aspect, the invention provides an integratedcircuit chip for processing graphical information and for rapidlyinstituting an active mode of a digital-television enabled system, thesystem including a first, volatile memory configured to load and storesoftware instructions, the integrated circuit chip including: an inputconfigured to receive first digital audio information and first digitalvideo information; a first output configured to be coupled to a displayand to convey second audio information and second video informationtoward the display regarding the first audio information and the firstvideo information; at least one second output configured to be coupledto the first memory and to convey commands to, and receive informationfrom, the first memory; a second memory; and a processor coupled to thesecond memory and configured to be coupled to the first memory andconfigured to perform functions in accordance with software instructionsstored in the first memory and the second memory, the processor beingfurther configured to, in response to a request to institute an activemode of the system, at least one of: cause the first memory to loadsoftware instructions for provision to the processor such that firstinstructions for processing at least one of the first audio informationand the first video information are loaded and stored by the firstmemory with a higher priority than second instructions for performingother functionality; and cause the first memory to activate initialsoftware stored in the system during a stand-by mode of the system.

Implementations of the invention may include one or more of thefollowing features. The processor is configured cause the first memoryto initiate a self-refresh mode of the first memory. The processor isconfigured to cause the first memory to load the initial software from anon-volatile memory.

In accordance with implementations of the invention, one or more of thefollowing capabilities may be provided. Time from active mode actuationof a digital television until display of an image can be reduced. Powerconsumption for stand-by mode of a digital television can be reduced,e.g., such that power consumption limitations for stand-by mode of adigital television can be met.

These and other capabilities of the invention, along with the inventionitself, will be more fully understood after a review of the followingfigures, detailed description, and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital-television-enabled system.

FIGS. 2-4 are block flow diagrams of processes of initiating an activemode of the system shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for transitioning from astand-by-mode to an active mode in a digital-television-enabled device.For example, a controller for a digital television can set a memory toself-refresh mode when transitioning from active to stand-by-mode topreserve a software state in the memory. Upon transitioning fromstand-by mode to active mode, the preserved software state isreactivated and used. Further, functionality provided for by software toactivate television features such as audio and/or video can be activatedin a relatively higher priority fashion with other features activatedwith a lower priority. Further still, a desirable software state can bestored in non-volatile memory and reloaded into executable memory upontransitioning from stand-by mode to active mode. This embodiments areexemplary, however, and not limiting of the invention as otherimplementations in accordance with the disclosure are possible.

Referring to FIG. 1, a digital-television-enabled system 10, here adigital television, includes a housing 12, a tuner 14, a controller 16,a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) 18, a display 20, a non-volatilememory 22, and an infrared (IR) receiver 24. The housing 12, e.g., herea television cabinet, is configured to hold the components shown and toprovide access for connecting internal components of the system 10 toappropriate external components (e.g., game consoles, set-top boxes, DVDplayers, VCRs, cameras, etc.). The tuner 14 is configured to receivedigital television transmissions (including digital audio informationand digital video information) at an input 15 and to select one of theincoming channels of transmissions for processing and display on thedisplay 20. The controller 16 is configured to, among other things, readinformation, including computer-readable, computer-executable softwarecode instructions stored in the DRAM 18 and/or the memory 22 and toperform functions (e.g., by executing instructions) indicated by thisinformation to process signals received from the tuner 14, as describedmore fully below. The display 20 is configured to provide images to aviewer in accordance with information/instructions received from thecontroller 16. The controller 16 is further configured to receivecommands from the IR receiver 24 in accordance with signals sent from aremote control 26 to perform a variety of functions. For example, thecontroller 26 can change a state of the television 10 between a stand-bystate, in which the television 10 appears off to a user, and an activestate in which capabilities of the television 10 are available to theuser. The controller 16 includes appropriate inputs/outputs forconnection to the other components of the system 10. For example, thecontroller 16 may be an integrated circuit chip with pins connectors forthe inputs/outputs. For example, the controller 16 may be a Xilleon®chip made by ATI Technologies, Inc. of Markham, Ontario, Canada.

The DRAM 18 is configured to store computer-readable,computer-executable software code instructions 28. The memory 18 isvolatile and the software 28 is loaded into the DRAM 18 depending uponthe type of functions that are to be performed. Initially, at systemstart up (e.g., if the television 10 is receiving no power from a powerline 30), software will be loaded into the DRAM for processing audio andvideo information received via the input 15, as well as for processingother information. At any given time while the television 10 is in theactive state, the DRAM 18 stores a software state for processinginformation appropriately. The software state can vary over time asappropriate for providing for different functionality. The DRAM 18receives power over a line 32 that is separate and independent of apower line 34 that supplies power to the controller 16.

The controller 16 includes a processor 36 that is configured to receivepower from the power line 34 and to perform functions in accordance withthe software 38 stored in the DRAM 18. The DRAM 18 is connected to theprocessor 36 via a memory bus 40 and a bus 42. The bus 42 is shown as asingle logical line, but represents multiple actual lines ofcommunication. The processor 36 is configured to perform variousfunctions to facilitate rapid provision of television functionality(e.g., audio and/or video from signals received from the tuner 14) upona transition from the stand-by mode to the active mode (e.g., asinitiated by a command received from the remote control 26).

The processor 36 is configured to set the DRAM 18 to a self-refresh modewhen the system 10 transitions to the stand-by mode. To set the DRAM 18,the processor 36 reads and executes software instructions stored andlocked in a processor cache integrated within the controller 16. Inresponse to receiving a command, e.g., from the IR receiver 24, totransition from the active mode to the stand-by mode, the processor 36performs a sequence of functions in order to initiate the stand-by mode.As part of this sequence, the processor 36 is configured to send signalsto the DRAM 18 on the lines 42 via the bus 40 to set the DRAM into aself-refresh mode before power is terminated to the processor 36 fromthe line 34. When set to the self-refresh mode, the DRAM 18 saves thecurrent, active state of the software 28. For example, for a typical TVviewing, the software state provides for the source (tuner) to bereceived and processed, audio and video to be rendered, and systemresponses to user interaction to be triggered by the remote control 26.The system 10 is configured such that the DRAM 18 receives power fromthe power line 32 while the system 10 is in the stand-by mode. The DRAM18 maintains the stored software state while in the self-refresh mode.In response to a command to transition to the active state from thestand-by state, the controller 16 will restore power to the processor36. The processor 36 is configured to respond to being powered up bysending signals to the DRAM 18 to reactivate the stored state of thesoftware 28, without having to instruct the DRAM 18, or wait for theDRAM 18, to reload appropriate software for execution by the processor36. The processor 36 is configured to begin processing signals from thetuner 14 using the reactivated software state.

The processor 34 is further configured to control the DRAM 18 toinitialize and load portions of the software 28 to be stored by the DRAM18 in the active mode in accordance with a desired priority. Forexample, the processor 34 can analyze the last known functional state(e.g., the tuner was the active source), or the processor 34 can scanthe available sources, determine which have available information, andselect one of the available sources that has information based upon apredefined priority of sources. The processor 36 is configured to causethe DRAM to load software relevant for processing audio and/or video ofsignals received at the input 15 before loading software for performingother functions. The processor 36 is configured to do so in response toa request to initiate the active mode, whether the television 10 is inthe stand-by mode or is completely off (i.e., no power being receivedvia the line 30, such as if the television 10 is unplugged). Theprocessor 36 can begin reading and executing the software instructionsas they are stored in the DRAM without waiting for an entire softwarestate to be loaded. The audio/video software is considered relativelyhigher priority than the relatively lower priority software forperforming other functions, e.g., processing JPEG images for display.The lower-priority software can be loaded by the DRAM 18 in thebackground in parallel with other functions being performed by theprocessor 36 using the higher-priority software that has already beenloaded and stored by the DRAM 18. Alternatively, the lower-prioritysoftware can be loaded in parallel with the loading of thehigher-priority software, but with the higher-priority software beingpreferred and loaded/stored first if there are competing portions ofsoftware ready for loading/storing at the same time. Alternatively,higher-priority software and lower-priority software could be loaded inparallel, virtually simultaneously, but with the higher-prioritysoftware loaded such that the desired timing performance is achieved.Thus, the lower-priority software only gets loaded and stored if extraprocessing capacity is available for doing so over and above theprocessing capability used to load and store the higher-prioritysoftware so that loading and storing the lower-priority information doesnot inhibit (e.g., slow down) the loading and storing of thehigher-priority information.

The processor 34 is further configured to cause the DRAM 18 to load adesired software state from the memory 22. The memory 22 is anon-volatile memory, e.g., a flash memory, that stores a software statethat has been determined to be a desirable state to initialize the DRAM18 with upon transitioning from the stand-by mode to the active mode. Anexemplary desired software state would have the operating system andapplication software initialized, e.g., with mapped storage devices. Theprocessor 36 is configured to respond to the initialization of theactive state to cause the DRAM 18 to load and store the desirablesoftware state from the non-volatile memory 22, instead of loading thesoftware 28 bit by bit as part of a sequence of events to start up theDRAM This process is in lieu of a full-blown software initializationsequence comprising: reading a compressed operating system image fromnon-volatile memory; decompressing the image and storing the image intothe RAM; initializing the operating system; loading the applicationsoftware, and; initializing the application software to a known state.

In operation, referring to FIG. 2, with further reference to FIG. 1, aprocess 60 for initiating an active mode of the system 10 includes thestages shown. The process 60, however, is exemplary only and notlimiting. The process 60 may be altered, e.g., by having stages added,removed, or rearranged.

At stage 62, the system 10 is in the active mode and monitors for arequest to transition to the stand-by mode. For example, the processor36 monitors (periodically or continuously) for an “off” command from theremote control 26 received via the IR receiver 24. If no request tochange to the stand-by mode is received, the system 10 continues tomonitor for such a request at stage 62. If such a request is detected,then the process 60 proceeds to stage 64.

At stage 64, in response to a stand-by mode request being detected, theprocessor 36 initiates a self-refresh mode in the DRAM 18. The processor36 sends command signals to the DRAM 18 to instruct the DRAM totransition to its self-refresh mode. The DRAM 18 responds my saving thecurrent state of the software 28. The power on the line 34 is inhibitedfrom powering the processor 36 (e.g., by being disconnected externallyfrom the processor 36 or internally to portions of the processor 36).

At stage 66, the system 10 is in the stand-by mode and monitors for arequest to transition to the active mode. For example, the processor 36monitors (periodically or continuously) for an “on” command from theremote control 26 received via the IR receiver 24. If no request tochange to the active mode is received, the system 10 continues tomonitor for such a request at stage 68. If such a request is detected,then the process 60 proceeds to stage 68.

At stage 68, in response to receiving a request to enter the activemode, the processor 36 causes the DRAM software 28 to be reactivated.The processor 36 sends command signals to the DRAM 18 to instruct theDRAM to reactivate the stored state of the software 28 forreading/execution by the processor 36. The processor 36 proceeds to readand execute the reactivated software 28 for processing appropriateinformation, e.g., TV signals at the input 15, JPEG images, etc.

In operation, referring to FIG. 3, with further reference to FIG. 1, aprocess 70 for initiating an active mode of the system 10 includes thestages shown. The process 70, however, is exemplary only and notlimiting. The process 70 may be altered, e.g., by having stages added,removed, or rearranged.

At stage 72, the system 10 is in the stand-by mode in which the system10 monitors for a request to transition to the active mode. For example,the processor 36 monitors (periodically or continuously) for an “on”command from the remote control 26 received via the IR receiver 24. Themonitoring may be for a very short period of time, e.g., if the systemis powered up (e.g., plugged in to a wall outlet) and then shortlythereafter instructed to enter the activate mode. If no request tochange to the active mode is received, the system 10 continues tomonitor for such a request at stage 72. If such a request is detected,then the process 70 proceeds to stage 73.

At stage 73, the processor 36 determines higher-priority functions, andthus the higher-priority software for processing these functions. Theprocessor 36 can determine the higher-priority functions in variousways, e.g., by examining the last known functional state, or by queryingthe possible information sources for which of them has informationavailable for processing, and selecting the source with availableinformation according to a stored ranking/priority order.

At stage 74, in response to receiving a request to enter the active modeand the determination of the higher-priority software, the processor 36causes the higher-priority software to be loaded and reads and executesthe instructions regarding the higher-priority functionality. Theprocessor 36 sends command signals to the DRAM 18 such that the DRAMwill load software instructions pertaining to the higher-priorityfunctionality and that are part of a larger state of softwareinstructions regarding a broader range of functionality. The processor36 executes these instructions, preferably before causing the DRAM 18 toload the software instructions pertaining to lower-priority functions.For example, the processor 36 can read and execute instructions forprocessing audio and/or video information in signals received at theinput 15, processing these signals, and transmitting appropriateinformation to the display 20 that produces corresponding sound and/orimages for a user to hear/see. Alternatively, the processor 36 can causethe DRAM 18 to load software instructions for lower-priority functionswhen the DRAM 18 would be idle regarding providing the instructions forthe higher-priority functionality to the processor 36.

At stage 76, the processor 36 causes the DRAM 18 to load theinstructions for the lower-priority functionality. As discussed, thiscould be done after the DRAM 18 has loaded and supplied the instructionsto the processor 36 for the higher-priority functions, or concurrentlywith providing the higher-priority functions if a lower-prioritysoftware loading operation is initiated when the DRAM 18 is notperforming an action to provide the higher-priority software to theprocessor 36.

In operation, referring to FIG. 4, with further reference to FIG. 1, aprocess 80 for initiating an active mode of the system 10 includes thestages shown. The process 80, however, is exemplary only and notlimiting. The process 80 may be altered, e.g., by having stages added,removed, or rearranged.

At stage 82, the system 10 is in the stand-by mode in which the system10 monitors for a request to transition to the active mode. For example,the processor 36 monitors (periodically or continuously) for an “on”command from the remote control 26 received via the IR receiver 24. Themonitoring may be for a very short period of time, e.g., if the systemis powered up (e.g., plugged in to a wall outlet) and then shortlythereafter instructed to enter the activate mode. If no request tochange to the active mode is received, the system 10 continues tomonitor for such a request at stage 72. If such a request is detected,then the process 70 proceeds to stage 74.

At stage 84, the processor 36 causes the DRAM 18 to load a preferredinitial software state from the non-volatile memory 22. The processor 36sends commands to the memory 22 and the DRAM 18 such that the memory 22accesses its stored desired initial software set and provides thissoftware set to the DRAM 18. The DRAM 18 stores the received softwareset as the software 28.

At stage 86, the initialized software state is executed. The DRAM 18activates the software and notifies the processor 36 that the initialsoftware set is ready for use. In response, the processor 36 reads andexecutes the software 28 to perform appropriate functions for processingincoming information.

Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the processor 36 can perform stages 68 or 86 inaccordance with the process 70 shown in FIG. 3. The processor 36 canchoose to read and execute portions of the re-activated software stateor freshly loaded, prestored software state in accordance withhigher-priority functions.

Other embodiments are within the scope and spirit of the invention. Forexample, due to the nature of software, functions described above can beimplemented using software, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, orcombinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may alsobe physically located at various positions, including being distributedsuch that portions of functions are implemented at different physicallocations.

Further, while the description above refers to the invention, thedescription may include more than one invention.

1. A device for rapidly instituting an active mode of adigital-television enabled system, the system including a first,volatile memory configured to load and store software instructions, thedevice comprising: an input configured to receive first digital audioinformation and first digital video information; a first outputconfigured to be coupled to a display and to convey second audioinformation and second video information toward the display regardingthe first audio information and the first video information; at leastone second output configured to be coupled to the first memory and toconvey commands to, and receive information from, the first memory; anda processor configured to be coupled to the first memory and to a secondmemory and configured to perform functions in accordance with softwareinstructions stored in the first memory and the second memory, theprocessor being further configured to cause the first memory to loadsoftware instructions for provision to the processor such that firstinstructions for processing at least one of the first audio informationand the first video information are loaded and stored by the firstmemory with a higher priority than second instructions for performingother functionality.
 2. The device of claim 1 wherein the processor isconfigured to cause the first memory to load the software instructionsfor provision to the processor such that the first instructions areloaded and stored by the first memory before the second instructions. 3.The device of claim 1 wherein the processor is configured to cause thefirst memory to load the software instructions for provision to theprocessor such that the first instructions are loaded and stored by thefirst memory in parallel with the second instructions being loaded andstored but before completion of loading and storing of the firstinstructions, the second instructions are loaded and stored only ifloading and storing of the first instructions is not inhibited by theloading and storing of the second instructions.
 4. The device of claim 1wherein the first memory is a DRAM.
 5. A device for rapidly institutingan active mode of a digital-television enabled system, the devicecomprising: an input configured to receive first digital audioinformation and first digital video information; a first outputconfigured to be coupled to a display and to convey second audioinformation and second video information toward the display regardingthe first audio information and the first video information; at leastone second output configured to be coupled to volatile memory and toconvey commands to, and receive information from, the volatile memory;and a processor configured to perform functions in accordance withsoftware instructions, wherein the processor is configured to, inresponse to a request to institute the active mode of the system, causethe volatile memory to activate initial software stored in the systemduring a stand-by mode of the system.
 6. The device of claim 5 whereinthe processor is configured cause the volatile memory to initiate aself-refresh mode of the volatile memory.
 7. The device of claim 6wherein the processor is configured to cause the volatile memory tostore a current software state as the initial software.
 8. The device ofclaim 7 wherein in order to cause the volatile memory to activate theinitial software, the processor is configured to cause the volatilememory to re-activate the initial software.
 9. The device of claim 6wherein the processor is configured to cause the volatile memory to loadthe initial software from a non-volatile memory.
 10. An integratedcircuit chip for processing graphical information and for rapidlyinstituting an active mode of a digital-television enabled system, thesystem including a first, volatile memory configured to load and storesoftware instructions, the integrated circuit chip comprising: an inputconfigured to receive first digital audio information and first digitalvideo information; a first output configured to be coupled to a displayand to convey second audio information and second video informationtoward the display regarding the first audio information and the firstvideo information; at least one second output configured to be coupledto the first memory and to convey commands to, and receive informationfrom, the first memory; a second memory; and a processor coupled to thesecond memory and configured to be coupled to the first memory andconfigured to perform functions in accordance with software instructionsstored in the first memory and the second memory, the processor beingfurther configured to, in response to a request to institute an activemode of the system, at least one of: cause the first memory to loadsoftware instructions for provision to the processor such that firstinstructions for processing at least one of the first audio informationand the first video information are loaded and stored by the firstmemory with a higher priority than second instructions for performingother functionality; and cause the first memory to activate initialsoftware stored in the system during a stand-by mode of the system. 11.The integrated circuit chip of claim 10 wherein the processor isconfigured cause the first memory to initiate a self-refresh mode of thefirst memory.
 12. The integrated circuit chip of claim 10 wherein theprocessor is configured to cause the first memory to load the initialsoftware from a non-volatile memory.